Since the beginning of the commercialization, in 1960, of combined estrogen-progestin hormonal contraceptives (CHCs), their use has become widespread for other non-contraceptive indications: dysmenorrhea, irregular cycle length, hypermenorrhea and acne, among others (Lete, 2009; Barranco, 2016). In all cases, these are mild pathologies or minor symptoms for which there are effective therapeutic alternatives. Millions of women in the world receive this treatment, which acts by inhibiting the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian hormonal axis (HHO Axis), the central axis and regulator of the entire sexual and reproductive physiology of women. Despite the existence of an enormous number of women subjected to this inhibition (ACHs are currently used by some 214 million women around the world, with an annual market of close to 18 billion dollars), very little research has been done on the consequences of suppressing the HHO axis. Only in recent years, and in parallel to the demonstration of the existence of functional receptors for gonadotropins at different levels in the central and peripheral nervous systems, have publications on the neuropsychological effects of HCAs begun to appear. It is also striking that, despite being the most widely used drugs and for the longest time for the treatment of functional gynecological disorders, their use is outside the technical data sheet (i.e., they are used for purposes other than those listed in the official indication approved in their technical data sheet and which appear in the package insert). Although the use of these hormonal products causes a wide variety of side effects, which have been widely studied in the medical literature, the present study proposes, after an exposition of the different aspects of the use of HCAs, a detailed review of the available literature on the neuropsychological effects due to the annulment of the HHO axis. This in order to, after a biological analysis, subsequently establish whether there is an ethical appropriateness in the use that concerns us.

The article is structured in three parts. 1. Disintegration of the human. 2. Demo-lition of the institution of marriage. 3. Rediscovering courtship. Starting from the current status of the institution of marriage and of young Spaniards, a realistic proposal of courtship as a preparation for marriage is attempted.

In this article we propose the need for the essential implementation of these programmes in Africa. And that this should be done from the continent's own cultural experience and in the light of ethical principles adjusted to its reality.

This article offers some contributions from anthropology and morality to the task of forming engaged couples preparing for marriage. Such preparation must be deep and thorough, so that they can recognise the requirement of lifelong fidelity that marriage implies, and understand the reality of love staff as self-giving. The work is structured in three parts. The first deals with four fractures in human beings today: anthropological nihilism, emotionalism, individualism and the fragmentation of sexuality. All of them are obstacles to the true submission of the self in fidelity, exclusivity and totality. In the second part, virtue is proposed as a path of integration for the person, in which reason plays a central role internship. Finally, it considers the characteristics of love staff and the specifics of the content of the promise in marital consent.

No one who has taken an interest in the ethical aspects of contraception can ignore the important paper on the subject by the Pontifical Commission for the Study of Population, Family and Births, created by Pope John XXIII and augmented by Paul VI. This article will primarily focus on the medical-biological discussions of the sessions of the papal Commission, and their conclusions.

Through the family runs the history of mankind, the history of the salvation of humanity. Among the many ways that the Church proposes to save the human being, the family is the first and most important (GrS, 2). Marriage and the family are different institutions, but so closely united that, if separated, one and the other fade away. The family acquires its configuration and dynamism from marriage. That reason explains the development of these pages on marriage and the family in God's plan. Without forgetting the technical language, this guide seeks, with a more accessible and didactic language, to help penetrate and spread the doctrinal and pastoral treasure that the Church has transmitted throughout history.

This book fulfils a dream of the late Professor Gonzalo Herranz. He never ceased to convey the need to research and publish on how theologians and philosophers had used the knowledge about the mechanism of action of hormonal contraception. As he once confided to me, contraception is the invisible ink of a message that nobody seems or wants to see; it is the story of a silence. The volume is divided into two parts. The first focuses on briefly recounting how and with what purpose hormonal contraception emerged and how it spread. The second part sets out to establish a chronological account of the most widely used philosophical-theological arguments about the impact of some of the mechanisms of action of hormonal contraceptives on the early human embryo.

Theology