Journals
Magazine:
LATIN MAGAZINE OF SOCIAL COMMUNICATION
ISSN:
1138-5820
Year:
2023
N°:
81
Pp:
17 - 33
Introduction: Disinformation has become a problem core topic for contemporary democratic societies. To counter this threat, public authorities in many countries have launched various legal, technological and educational initiatives. This article provides a review of the literature and legal texts, which demonstrates the growing importance given by the European Union to media literacy. Methodology: Through a documentary review, European and EU country reports and legal texts are examined in order to evaluate the Degree relevance assigned to media literacy in the fight against disinformation. Results: The analysis shows a recurrent presence of media literacy as one of the measures necessary to combat disinformation in Europe. Discussion and conclusions: Beyond simple technological and legal solutions to combat disinformation, it is clear that the European Union is committed to making citizens co-responsible by means of policies to promote media literacy. A model to fight disinformation based on a set of multilevel solutions is being consolidated at final.
Magazine:
DOXA COMUNICACION
ISSN:
1696-019X
Year:
2023
N°:
36
Pp:
401 - 413
In a context where influencer marketing is growing, it is relevant to question the role played by influencers in the consumption decisions of minors. The special closeness that these content creators are able to generate with their followers can establish a framework of credibility that also extends to their publications for commercial purposes. From a qualitative perspective and by means of 12 focus groups, it was proposed to delve into the relationship between influencers and minors in Spain in order to know the perception and imaginary of adolescents about their relationship with influencers and the commercial implications that this relationship entails. The findings of the study reveal that the link developed between the minor and the influencer has a direct impact on the level of credibility given to commercial publications, something that depends directly on the influencer's subject ; minors do not reject the influencer's commercial collaborations as long as the resulting content is useful or entertaining and has a connection with the profession or lifestyle of the content creator promoting it. On the other hand, younger children, unlike teenagers, demand interaction with their referents.
Magazine:
INFORMATION PROFESSIONAL
ISSN:
1699-2407
Year:
2023
Vol:
32
N°:
2
Pp:
e320205
The funding model crisis for newspapers is a matter of public concern; and it is not only a business issue, but also a social and political one, as news organisations are considered to have an irreplaceable function in democratic systems. Technological and social changes have transformed the business model of news organisations so that, in a digital scenario with a strong competition for consumers¿ attention, they have had to diversify their portfolio of income streams. In such a context, this study analyses the state of the diversification of revenue streams in the Spanish digital average market, using the available data from the total universe of digital average in the country. The article focusses on the two most common revenue streams related to user payment -subscriptions and memberships- and analyses the importance of four variables in this diversification of revenue strategies: their nature (digital native versus traditional), thematic scope (general versus specialized), territorial scope (local versus national), and the type of organization that promotes it (traditional, new, or independent groups). The data obtained suggest that there are no universal formulae in the implementation of payment models for Spanish digital average. Specifically, there are significant differences in the revenue models between native and non-native digital average. Thus, payment strategies are more prevalent among non-native digital average than among native average. Furthermore, the non-native average that have opted for paid models tend to diversify their sources of income more than the non-native ones based on free model. Additionally, data show that paywalls and memberships are more usual among specialised non-native digital average and generalist native outlets. Also, payments are more often required by local and regional average than national outlets. From the ownership point of view, although the main Spanish average corporations are developing their revenue models, the pay-per-content model is also quite extended among organisations, associations, and foundations not linked with the traditional publishing groups. This study, due to its exhaustiveness, dimensions, and novelty, identifies in detail the current state of the implementation of the pay model for digital average in Spain, which can help and facilitate average managers in their decision-making.
Magazine:
COMMUNICATION MAGAZINE
ISSN:
1684-0933
Year:
2022
Vol:
21
N°:
2
Pp:
307 - 319
Minors are exposed to a variety of content when surfing the Internet and this study specifically explores content created by influencers in hybrid formats that mix different purposes, including commercial ones, and which also represent a greater challenge to be correctly identified. From the perspective of advertising literacy as articulated by Roozendal et al. (2011), the research has as goal to identify which elements of the conceptual and attitudinal dimensions of this literacy are present in the processing that minors make of the content generated by influencers. For this purpose, 12 focus groups were carried out with the participation of 62 minors between 11 and 17 years old, from private, public and public high school in Spain, during the first semester of 2021. The results show that in general, minors identify a commercial link between brands and influencers, however, and especially the younger ones, are not able to identify when they are presented with paid content if it is not marked as such. Teenagers, on the other hand, assumed a critical attitude towards influencer marketing based on the coherence and affinity of the promoted product and the influencer, as well as the trajectory or profession of the content creator.
Magazine:
MEDITERRANEA DE COMUNICACION MAGAZINE
ISSN:
1989-872X
Year:
2022
Vol:
13
N°:
1
Pp:
79 - 91
Entertainment is one of the priorities that children seek to satisfy on the Internet, also through their cell phones. The digital environment responds to this need, which has traditionally been covered by other media, with new formulas that combine entertainment with other interests, such as commercial ones. This hybrid advertising seems to find a good fit between online games and content generated by influencers, preferred destinations for children today in their browsing patterns. Through a qualitative methodology, with interviews with 20 minors from the Metropolitan area of Santiago de Chile, we seek to check to what extent the questions posed by the previous research on this topic are validated. Among the results, it stands out that, indeed, brand communications are clearly present in the online entertainment experiences of children, who are particularly receptive when they provide a added value and feel that they control them. The familiarity generated by influencers with their audience also makes minors view commercial communications in a relaxed manner. This raises relevant questions about whether the advertising literacy of this group age group is up to the challenges posed by this scenario.
Magazine:
LATIN MAGAZINE OF SOCIAL COMMUNICATION
ISSN:
1138-5820
Year:
2022
N°:
80
Pp:
21 - 38
Introduction: The progressive transformation of the media due to digitalization, the new characteristics of the communicative environment and the corresponding user practices highlight new educational needs and demands. A redefinition of the context and scientific discourses of the concept of skill media seems necessary. Methodology: through a reflexive analysis of concepts and models, a conceptualization of skill media as a skill extended to personal, social, cultural and civic competences is presented. Results: as result of this work there is a readjustment of the conceptual positions required by the development of the skill media in a convergent digital context: the participatory paradigm, hyperconnectivity and the proliferation of misinformation. This approach requires the extension of capacities and skills of access, assessment, analysis, creation and communication of news and media; the skills combine previous forms of literacy with others specific to the digital environment (Livingstone, 2004; Pérez Tornero, Celot, Varis, 2007; Hobbs, 2008). Discussion: the approach presented is associated with a demand and broader educational needs that ensure the development of the personality from a holistic vision that puts in connection the needs of a society where the presence of the media is growing. Conclusions: The changes in the topic of ¿Learning about media¿ are reconsidered at the end of the text.
Magazine:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
ISSN:
1660-4601
Year:
2022
Vol:
19
N°:
1
Pp:
358
The smartphone revolution has placed powerful, multipurpose devices in the hands of youth across the globe, prompting worries about the potential negative consequences of these technologies on mental health. Many assessment tools have been created, seeking to classify individuals into problematic and non-problematic smartphone users. These are identified using a cutoff value: a threshold, within the scale range, at which higher scores are expected to be associated with negative outcomes. Lacking a clinical assessment of individuals, the establishment of this threshold is challenging. We illustrate this difficulty by calculating cutoff values for the Short Version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV) in 13 Spanish-speaking samples in 11 countries, using common procedures (i.e., reliability, validity, ROC methodology). After showing that results can be very heterogeneous (i.e., they lead to diverse cutoff points and rates of addiction) depending on the decisions made by the researchers, we call for caution in the use of these classifications, particularly when researchers lack a clinical definition of true addiction-as is the case with most available scales in the field of behavioral addictions-which can cause an unnecessary public health alert.
Magazine:
SUSTAINABILITY
ISSN:
2071-1050
The Information and Knowledge Society demands the development of skills for the critical and responsible consumption and use of technology for leisure, staff, professional, academic development, and citizen participation. The international frameworks of "21st Century Competences" underline the importance of digital competence as the axis to enhance the rest of competences. This key competence goes beyond the operational use of technological tools and applications and has been studied from different approaches. This research explores digital literacy in eight international frameworks from different institutions and initiatives: UNESCO, European Union, OECD, ATCS, P21, NETS, NAEP, and Engauge, from which a content analysis is performed, and where the areas of scope of the competences and the relationships between the different proposals are explored. The findings contribute to the understanding of an integrated approach to digital literacy, where six dimensions are identified: critical, cognitive, operational, social, emotional, and projective. Three dimensional profiles are also identified that point towards the critical use of technology, the appropriation of technology in daily life and social innovation, which invites a rethink towards digital literacy from a multi and interdimensional vision.
Magazine:
average AND COMMUNICATION
ISSN:
2183-2439
Year:
2022
Vol:
10
N°:
1
Pp:
124 - 135
Influencers have established themselves as key allies for brands by cultivating a powerful public image to promote them. In the case of Instamoms, these collaborations can offer moms a means of achieving economic stability. In a country like Mexico, where the gender gap in the labour market remains a contentious issue, digital work represents an opportunity for women. The similarity between the organic content and commercial content created by these profiles has strengthened the presence of hybrid advertising. This means of advertising has not spelled the end for the original content, and audiences may struggle to spot ads if sponsorship is not disclosed properly. It is important for consumers to be able to identify ads so their persuasion knowledge can be activated. This article examines the commercial messages and types of disclosure used by Mexican Instamoms to inform their followers of the commercial nature of their collaborations. The types of disclosure are analyzed based on language, location, and type of text. After a content analysis of 10,135 stories and more than 330 posts, 40% and 47% of the sample, respectively, was identified as advertising content. The analysis revealed that less than 5% of the Instamoms sponsored content was tagged as such and that sponsorship disclosure does not form part of the usual protocol for influencer-brand collaborations in a country where no legislation is yet in place and the sector is making little effort to control these practices.
Magazine:
ICONO 14
ISSN:
1697-8293
Although there has traditionally been a presumed attitude of civil service examination to the adult and established world on the part of younger people, some current social conditions, in addition to digital technology itself, now make it more present. Activism in social networks has become a frequent channel for this age group group to present their demands and discontent, and it is worth reflecting on the characteristics surrounding this generation and also the particularities of their use of technology itself. Among the former, the lengthening of dependence on the adult world stands out, which implies a potential delay in the maturity processes. This brings with it a vital discontent that finds in the networks a perfect scenario to be manifested and to fight against what is established. Regarding technology, it is evident that it satisfies the needs of young people at many levels, which makes it almost essential for their daily life in the most developed societies. These reflections raise questions to be faced in the framework of the study of youth and digital activism and that have to do with the Degree of development of their digital skill , with their ability to fight against the disinformation that plagues democracies, and also with the more human background posed by the multidimensional use they make of technology. Young people occupy and live in digital spaces, and this implies facing this reality in a radical way, also from research.
Magazine:
INDEX COMUNICACIÓN
ISSN:
2174-1859
Year:
2022
Vol:
12
N°:
2
Pp:
227 - 250
The preference of minors for mobile as a means of accessing the Internet has been observed at a global level. Their consumption of content is intimately associated with the presence of commercial interests that see in this age group group a segment of great present and future interest. The possibilities of segmentation offered by technology, added to those added by the staff character of the device, open up many strategic but also ethical considerations about the personalization of content based on profiles and online behavior patterns. By analyzing the content of 2410 advertisements that minors between 10 and 14 years of age from area Metropolitan Santiago de Chile received on their cell phones, the aim is to find out whether sociodemographic variables influence the subject of advertising that they consume. The variable possession of the cell phone is also added as an element of the study. The results point to significant differences in the advertising to which they are exposed as a function of all the variables, which raises important ethical considerations.
Authors:
Paz, C.; Hermosa-Bosano, C.; Hidalgo-Andrade, P. (Corresponding author); et al.
Magazine:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
ISSN:
1661-8556
Year:
2022
Vol:
67
Ppgs:
1604418
Objective: Several studies have investigated the negative toll the pandemic has had on people's mental health. However, there is limited research on the pandemic's effect on positive mental health variables. This article reports on the levels of self-esteem and well-being (flourishing and happiness) in a sample of adults living in Ecuador and their relationships with the characteristics of their staff situation and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic had on their staff lives.Methods: A total of 766 adults completed an anonymous online survey between March and August 2020.Results: Participants reported average scores in the flourishing scale, the majority considered themselves to be happy or very happy people, and more than half presented high levels of self-esteem. Age, education, socioeconomic status, time spent using mobile phones and on hobbies, among others, explained self-esteem, happiness, and flourishing.Conclusion: The relationships between sociodemographic and situational variables of confinement during the pandemic are discussed, as well as the possible predictors of happiness, flourishing, and self-esteem.
Authors:
Hidalgo-Andrade, P.; Paz, C.; Hermosa-Bosano, C. (Corresponding author); et al.
Magazine:
ALOMA. REVISTA DE PSICOLOGIA I CIÈNCIES DE L'EDUCACIO
ISSN:
1138-3194
Year:
2022
Vol:
40
N°:
2
Pp:
9 - 20
To prevent the spread of COVID-19, countries like Ecuador adopted mandatory lockdown measures, teleworking and remote education. During these periods, people resorted to the use of their mobile phones as well as other technological devices to get information, socialize and work. This study sought to identify the effects that the use of these devices, especially cellphones, had on people's levels of anxiety, depression and stress. We re-cruited a sample of 766 participants who responded to an online survey conducted during the first phase of the pandemic. The results suggest that people spent approximately 9.75 hours a day connected to technological de-vices, including their cellphones. We also found that the participants' level of psychological distress increases as the overall time and time spent on social networks increases. In addition, the problematic use of mobile phones, meaning the use of the cellphone to distract oneself from something uncomfortable or to express or seek affection predicted increases in participants' level of distress. In contrast, making purchases online and perceiving higher levels of control over their mobile phone use was associated with a decrease in psychological distress. The implications of these findings are discussed in the light of the current state of the pandemic, the discovery of new variants of the coronavirus, and the existence of mandatory quarantines for those diagnosed with the virus.
Magazine:
COMMUNICATION & SOCIETY
ISSN:
2386-7876
Year:
2022
Vol:
35
N°:
3
Pp:
15 - 31
Social ads, along with apps, display and geolocation are the most used actions in the context of mobile marketing. Adolescents are also identified as the main target audience for mobile marketing because they are very active users, they have a sound command of technology and their role as prescribers, especially in social networks. For this reason, the interaction between advertising on social networks among minors (10-14 years) was studied, differentiating between those standard format ads and those commercial content published by influencers. To this avail, more than 2,400 ads were analyzed after monitoring for a week the commonly used device of a sample of minors from the Metropolitan Area of Santiago de Chile. Standard formats, despite being the most used, they hardly generated interaction, unlike commercial content by influencers, which achieved a higher level of interaction (visual and click interaction), although they were less employed. These results open the door to question the advertising management of a digital space which was created for dialogue such as social networks, in which advertisers prioritize selling products and services.
Magazine:
MIRROR OF SOCIAL COMMUNICATION MONOGRAPHS
ISSN:
2660-4213
Year:
2021
N°:
3
Pp:
109 - 139
Magazine:
SUSTAINABILITY
ISSN:
2071-1050
Year:
2021
Vol:
13
Ppgs:
10.3390/
This paper aims to investigate Google¿s role in European average sustainability. In order to understand the implication of this digital intermediary in the news industry, we have analysed all of the projects funded through Google¿s National Identity Card Fund from 2016 to 2020. After reviewing each report, we have classified the data available, including the full amount of money awarded, chronologically marking every new country added to the fund and all the average outlets involved in each project. We argue that Google¿s role is truly beneficial for the medium and long-term sustainability of European average because it offers both financial support and a successful path for average companies to truly embrace its digital technology potential. However, it also has some added weight in terms of transparency (a key element in sustainability practice and standards) and press independence. Besides the existing correlations between the awarded countries and the changes that have affected average legislation in Europe, our findings show an alarming scarcity of information regarding both the continuity and the conditions of each funded project. Our proposed diary for future research consists of an in-depth investigation of each beneficiary, which will entail several interviews as well as different case studies of all the participants in Europe.
Magazine:
SUSTAINABILITY
ISSN:
1937-0695
Year:
2021
Vol:
13
N°:
20
This paper aims to investigate Google's role in European media sustainability. In order to understand the implication of this digital intermediary in the news industry, we have analysed all of the projects funded through Google's DNI Fund from 2016 to 2020. After revising each report, we have classified the data available, including the full amount of money awarded, chronologically marking every new country added to the fund and all the media outlets involved in each project. We argue that Google's role is truly beneficial for the medium and long-term sustainability of European media because it offers both financial support and a successful path for media companies to truly embrace its digital technology potential. However, it also has some added weight in terms of transparency (a key element in sustainability practice and standards) and press independence. Besides the existing correlations between the awarded countries and the changes that have affected media legislation in Europe, our findings show an alarming scarcity of information regarding both the continuity and the conditions of each funded project. Our proposed agenda for future research consists of an in-depth investigation of each beneficiary, which will entail several interviews as well as different case studies of all the participants in Europe.</p>
Magazine:
PRISMA SOCIAL
ISSN:
1989-3469
Year:
2021
N°:
34
Pp:
146 - 164
This study analyzes the presence of entertainment in the daily usage of mobile phones among Chilean children ages 10 to 14. Special attention is paid to children consumption of YouTube and video games and to the perception their parents have regarding the use of mobiles by their children. Use patterns of minors and how this mismatch parental perception was revealed from the analysis of staff surveys (N children = 501; N adults= 501). The major conclusion is that mobile phones are no longer screens with which to communicate and exchange messages, a stand still held by parents. Screens are a passage through which children aim for free-load audiovisual entertainment (mainly games and videos) and in doing so, expose themselves to the advertising this entails. Music content is prioritized on YouTube, especially among girls and the older children within the age range studied, and this study corroborates the notion of gender differentiation in video games choices.
Magazine:
SUSTAINABILITY
ISSN:
2071-1050
Year:
2021
Vol:
13
N°:
20
Pp:
1 - 17
Digital news publishers strive to balance revenue streams in their business models: as standard advertising declines, alternatives for sustaining digital journalism arise in the forms of sponsored content, user donations and payments¿one-off purchases, subscriptions or memberships, public or private grants, electronic commerce, events and consulting. An exhaustive study found 2874 active online news publications in Spain, and it observed the adoption of such models in early 2021. Advertising remains the most popular source of income for digital news operations (85.8%) and most sites rely on just one or two revenue streams (74.5%). We compare the cases in our census by their origin (digital-native or non-native), geography (local/regional or national/global) and topic scope (generalist or specialised). We find that traditional, national and specialised online average have a broader and more innovative revenue mix than digital-native, regional or local and general-interest news outlets. The comprehensiveness of this pioneering study sheds light for the first time on the risk that the lack of diversification and innovation in funding sources may imperil the financial sustainability of some online news operations in Spain, mostly those with a smaller scope and no backing from a traditional business, according to the results we present here.
Magazine:
JOURNAL OF CHILDREN AND average
ISSN:
1748-2798
It is common to identify the ability to recognize advertising as a requirement for the development of a critical attitude towards commercial content. This paper reflects on the perception parents have of their children who, as active users of mobile devices, are recipients of advertising. We thought interesting to draw a comparison between parent and child responses to corroborate the level of consistency between adult perception and what children stated regarding their attitude towards the advertising to which they were exposed. In order to do so a survey was applied in dyads in 501 households in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago de Chile showing that parents and guardians tend to underestimate the trust that children place in the advertising appearing on the channels they watch most on their mobile devices. It is needed a ground a solid starting point to enable subsequent research on childcare, content supervision and parental and social mediation.
Magazine:
COMUNICAR. IBEROAMERICAN SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION AND EDUCATION
ISSN:
1134-3478
Year:
2021
Vol:
29
N°:
67
Pp:
99 - 109
This article presents the results of research that seeks to analyze the ability of minors to identify the advertising messages received through the most used social networks by this audience (YouTube and Instagram). Children's aptitude to recognize persuasive intent was measured in a selection of examples taken for this study, as well as the perception that parents or guardians had about the minor's ability to recognize advertising on the platforms analyzed. Results were obtained from a survey applied to dyads in 501 homes in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago de Chile, to children aged 10 to 14 and to one of their parents or guardians. Main results include the notion that more than 50% of children were not able to detect advertising in examples containing ads. Lower recognition percentages were obtained in cases that combined persuasive content and entertainment and were not classified as advertising. For their part, adults perceived that their children recognize persuasive intent to a lesser extent than indicated by the children themselves. An explicit and clear signaling of advertising messages, as well as advertising literacy according to the age of minors could help them discern the content they consume on social networks.
Magazine:
LATIN MAGAZINE OF SOCIAL COMMUNICATION
ISSN:
1138-5820
Year:
2021
N°:
79
Pp:
76 - 110
Faced with an imminent digital era marked by globalisation and technological innovation, different organisations have proposed the importance of innovating Education with the so-called 21st century competences. The need for new skills to participate in the digital culture is highlighted in different proposals, where the digital skill is core topic and fundamental to live, work and participate in the knowledge society. This work aims to goal generate an integrated proposal of digital literacy through a comparative analysis of skill digital literacy in eight 21st century competence frameworks (ATCS, enGauge, Naep, Nets, OECD, P21, Unesco, European Union), which are studied in three main thematic blocks: a) definition, b) objectives and vision and c) competences and skills. Results: Digital literacy encompasses a holistic approach , nourished by different literacies, from which a goal-framework is built with nine competences (three direct competences; five transversal competences) and 53 cognitive, critical, technical, technical, social, emotional and projective digital skills. Conclusions: Multidimensional digital literacy consolidates the techno-social perspective for technological empowerment and appropriation, which goes beyond the operational use of tools and promotes the broad, meaningful and innovative use of technology for the construction of an equitable society.
Magazine:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF average AND INFORMATION LITERACY
ISSN:
2500-106X
Year:
2021
Vol:
6
N°:
2
Pp:
289 - 298
Despite its relevance, the difficulty in reaching consensus on the definition of digital competence slows down its implementation. The need of prior development of specific skills to advance in digital development has been recently reported. The acquisition of skills involves making the most of the opportunities offered by the digital environment. This article shows the results from a research conducted on 501 parent-child dyads in Chile in which minors aged 10 to 14 reported their self-perceptions on who (parents, siblings and peers) taught them certain technical and operational digital skills on mobile devices. Parents were also surveyed to know their perception about this children¿s social mediation. partner-demographic variables are also analyzed. Chilean minors have a clear perception of autonomy in the acquisition of digital competence, parents underestimate their ability to influence, and other socialization agents such as siblings play a significant role. Age, gender and socioeconomic level to a lesser extent mark differences in the acquisition of these skills. In addition to providing a comparison on the perception parents and children have on the extent to which minors are accompanied while on their mobile phone, the article goes beyond parental mediation strategies and collects parental reflections on types of mediation.
Authors:
Hidalgo-Andrade, P.; Paz, C. (Corresponding author); Hermosa-Bosano, C.; et al.
Magazine:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
ISSN:
1661-7827
Year:
2021
Vol:
18
N°:
21
Pp:
11104
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the lives of millions of people worldwide. This study aimed to analyze the effects of several psychological factors (self-esteem, self-control, and emotional stability) over lifestyle-related variables (time spent on leisure activities) and the levels of satisfaction (family, friends, work, and leisure satisfaction) experienced during the COVID-19 outbreak. Data for this article were retrieved as part of a cross-sectional international study conducted in eleven Spanish-speaking countries between March and September 2020. The analyses were conducted using the responses of 9500 persons (65.95% women, 34.05% men). Structural equation modeling was used to test the direct and indirect effects of the psychological variables on satisfaction variables mediated by the time engaged in leisure activities. Our model indicated that psychological factors significantly predicted the amount of time spent in leisure activities and satisfaction. Overall, results indicate that self-esteem is a relevant psychological factor to consider in the development of psychological interventions directed at promoting healthy lifestyles. Nevertheless, further research is needed to validate the direction of the associations found in this study.
Authors:
Hermosa-Bosano, C.; Paz, C. (Corresponding author); Hidalgo-Andrade, P.; et al.
Magazine:
ECUADORIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
ISSN:
1019-8113
Year:
2021
Vol:
30
N°:
2
Pp:
40 - 47
goalTo describe the mental health status of Ecuadorian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic from March to August 2020.
2020. For this purpose, we analysed data from a larger study involving several Spanish-speaking countries. The research
had a non-experimental, quantitative, cross-sectional design descriptive subject where an anonymous online survey was applied.
Results: A total of 766 people participated, 64.23% were female and the age average was 32.35 (SD = 12.54). About 8% of participants reported a diagnosis of COVID-19 and 12.9% reported having experienced related symptoms.
related symptoms. The majority of participants (77.4%) reported no mental health problems in the past and 87.6% reported no mental health problems in the past.
87.6% had no such problems during the pandemic. However, 41% reported greater psychological distress. The
participants had low levels of symptoms (depression, anxiety and stress). Women and young adults were the groups most affected by
groups most affected by the symptoms assessed.
Conclusions: In situations of confinement and pandemics, mental health care is needed for the general population and especially for women and young adults.
population, especially women and young adults.
Magazine:
SUSTAINABILITY
ISSN:
2071-1050
Year:
2021
Vol:
13
N°:
5
Pp:
2822
This article presents the results of a study that sought to analyze the relationship between minors and brands on social average. The frequency with which minors search for or share information or subscribe to brand web pages was measured, as well as their following of influencers, who commonly refer to consumer goods. The main purpose of this article is to contribute to learning about the commercial environment that surrounds children in their routines on social average, particularly because of their growing influence in home purchasing decisions. The results, obtained from a survey applied in 501 homes in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago de Chile to minors between 10 and 14 years old, show that the respondents effectively interact with brands through social average. Although it is not a widespread practice among 10- to 12-year-olds, it is increasingly becoming present among 13- to 14-year-olds. Children seem most interested in sportswear, fashion, and technology brands, areas in which children have significant influence in family purchasing decision. Following influencers through social average is also a common activity among minors. In particular, the age groups here studied preferred to follow celebrities, particularly from the worlds of music, football, or YouTube, over specific brands.
Magazine:
INFORMATION PROFESSIONAL
ISSN:
1386-6710
Year:
2020
Vol:
29
N°:
6
Pp:
1-14
This study adopted an exploratory approach to try to establish lines of investigation on the advertising density that children face when using their mobile phones. While connected, minors are exposed to a slightly higher volume of advertising (14 minutes per hour of use) than via other average such as television, with presence of ads during more than 80% of browsing time. Data on exposure of children to advertising through mobile phones with an internet connection were collected and analysed. The minors were aged 10 to 14 years and lived in Santiago, a metropolitan area in Chile. Children visually interact with and consume advertising content through mobile devices. This eye contact and consumption occur mainly when minors visit game applications, YouTube (app), and histogram (app). Commercial content appeared 23.4% of the time analyzed. Online gaming (23%), food and distribution (18%), entertainment (8%), and fashion (8%) represented the highest percentage of ads. A non-participatory digital observation methodology was applied for data acquisition. Minors were asked to video-record the screen during common activities, thus registering their movements and the content to which they were visually exposed. Forty-five (45) children underwent weekly follow-ups, and an audiovisual database of over 300 recordings was created. Recordings meeting methodological constraints (on, for instance, duration) were subjected to content analysis.
Magazine:
INFORMATION PROFESSIONAL
ISSN:
1386-6710
The following research has as its starting point the previous existence of different approaches to the study of digital literacy, which reflect a specialisation by area of study as well as connections and complementarity between them. The paper analyses research from the last 50 years through 11 key terms associated with the study of this subject. The article seeks to understand the contribution of each term for an integrated conceptualisation of digital literacy. From the data science approach, the methodology used is based on a systematized review of the literature and a network analysis using Gephi. The study analyses 16,753 articles from WoS and 5,809 from Scopus, between the period of 1968 to 2017. The results present the input to each key term studied as a map of keywords and a conceptual framework in different levels of analysis; in these, we show digital literacy as a central term that connects and integrates the others, and we define it as a process that integrates all the perspectives. The conclusions emphasise the comprehensive sense of digital literacy and its social condition, as well as the transversality to human life. This research aims to understand the relationships that exist between the different areas and contribute to the discussion from a goal-theoretical level, validating goal-research for this interdisciplinary purpose.
Magazine:
COMMUNICATION MAGAZINE
ISSN:
1684-0933
Year:
2020
Vol:
19
N°:
2
Pp:
231 - 243
Avoiding commercial content while consuming average is not a new phenomenon. The theory recognizes different mechanisms to explain this behavior and the use of advertising blockers can be recognised as an active and conscious behavioral response to this type of content. It is interesting to delve into the reasons that can explain this response by the user. This article analyzes to what extent the use of this ad blocking software is related to conscious attitudes and what is the probability that certain profiles will use them more or less. The case of online news users in Spain is studied with the data from the Digital News Report 2018, which surveyed a representative sample of 2023 Spanish adults. Through a binomial logistic regression, it is shown that some demographic aspects such as age and gender seem to indicate a greater propensity to use this type of online advertising blocking software. Also users with an active attitude are more likely to use programs to block digital advertising. In contrast, it is shown how there are two profiles of people who are less likely to use these software: those who pay for online news and those who have greater familiarity and critical knowledge of the information sector.
Magazine:
PRISMA SOCIAL
ISSN:
1989-3469
Year:
2018
N°:
20
Pp:
129 - 159
Digital literacy involves a safe and critical use of ICTs for employment, learning, staff development and participation in society. Online communities as ecosystems based on the exchange of experiences, information, knowledge and collaborative learning through their interactions, have the potential to empower its members making Internet a tool for staff and social progress. This research analyzes the development of digital skills in the virtual community ScolarTIC through a network analysis and a survey among its users. The study reveals that on a dynamic and decentralized structure of knowledge sharing can help to develop various areas of digital competence. In the case of ScolarTIC, the areas of digital competence most developed among users are security and information (how to navigate, search, evaluate, store and retrieve information, both in smartphones and tablets and other devices).
Magazine:
COMUNICAR. IBEROAMERICAN SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION AND EDUCATION
ISSN:
1134-3478
Year:
2017
N°:
53
Pp:
19 - 27
Over the past twenty years, the high penetration of mobile phones as a means of interpersonal communication, especially among adolescents, has facilitated access to broader social environments outside their own family. Through the extension of their social environment, teenagers are able to establish new and more extensive relationships, while facing risks that may negatively affect their socialization process. The aim of this article was to find out how computer-mediated communication helps or obstructs the creation of social capital between teenagers, and what are the consequences of its use for this age group. To achieve this, an index of social capital was developed in the study, designed to determine the positive or negative impact of certain components of mobile mediated communication in the creation of this intangible resource. Questionnaires were distributed among Spanish adolescents of secondary and high school age, from different public and private schools of Navarre. Furthermore, the study considered the adolescents' own perceptions about the incidence of the use of mobile phones in their social relationships. As reflected in the results, to identify the components of mediated communication that significantly affect social capital it is necessary to conduct an objective measurement of this resource.
Magazine:
EDUCATION IN THE KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY
ISSN:
2444-8729
Year:
2016
Vol:
17
N°:
2
Pp:
73 - 90
Magazine:
COMUNICAR. IBEROAMERICAN SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION AND EDUCATION
ISSN:
1134-3478
Year:
2015
Vol:
23
N°:
45
Pp:
179 - 186
The screen technology landscape in relation to the child points to numerous challenges that the industry is facing together with families and the sector educational. However, there is little bibliography that delves into the strategic policies being implemented by the industry to address the challenges. For this reason, this article has two objectives: firstly, to summarise the state of the art and then to present the main findings on how the 17 main international companies are tackling this situation in their commercial policy and their relationship with stakeholders. The methodology applied is qualitative, and analyses the companies' social responsibility reports and websites in order to identify the strategic lines and corporate actions, as well as the people and institutions with whom they collaborate. The results show that, despite some differences between regions, the sector adheres to
COMUNICAR, 45 (2015); e-ISSN: 1988-3293; Preprint DOI: 10.3916/C45-2015-19
to an interest in self-regulation, product innovation, protection tools, as well as in maintaining a close network partnership with stakeholders, which allows for feedback on policies and strategies. From this analysis, it can be concluded that the sector needs to integrate child protection policies not only with the development of responsible products, but also by further strengthening links with stakeholders.
Magazine:
EDUCATION POLICY ANALYSIS ARCHIVES
ISSN:
1068-2341
Year:
2014
Vol:
22
N°:
49
Pp:
1 - 23
Magazine:
BORDON
ISSN:
0210-5934
Year:
2013
Vol:
65
N°:
1
Pp:
147 - 166
Magazine:
PATRIMONIO: Economics CULTURAL AND Education FOR PEACE (MEC-EDUPAZ)
ISSN:
2007-4778
Year:
2012
N°:
1
Págs:
130 - 151
Magazine:
COMMUNICATION ISSUES
ISSN:
0798-7803
Year:
2011
N°:
22
Págs:
111 - 134
Magazine:
yearbook ININCO. COMMUNICATION RESEARCH
ISSN:
0798-2992
Year:
2011
Vol:
23
N°:
1
Pp:
1-14
Magazine:
Intervencion Psicosocial
ISSN:
1132-0559
Year:
2010
Vol:
19
N°:
1
Pp:
41 - 55
The widespread use of the Internet and other information technologies and speech is a reality that has affected all Western countries in recent years. Spain has not escaped this reality. The goal of this article is to offer an updated and synthesised image of the Username of the Internet. Using consolidated public and private data sources, it offers a vision of the basic indicators as well as the classic variables, gender, age and social class , which allow us to understand what the Internet user is like subject in Spain, where almost six out of every ten citizens already use the Internet. Part of the objectives of this article is also to find out what their usual online activities are. A detailed view of minors is offered, taking into account their special connection with the Internet.
Magazine:
ANAGRAMS
ISSN:
1692-2522
Year:
2010
Vol:
9
N°:
17
Pp:
45 - 56
The penetration of new technologies, such as the Internet, mobile phones and video game consoles, has experienced sustained growth in Colombia during the first decade of the new century. Minors, including adolescents, make up the group population that is most willing to adopt and adapt these new communication tools in their daily lives. The study of their consumption habits and their preferences in the use of this new media subject speech is the central goal of the present article of research.
Magazine:
Magazine of programs of study Youth
ISSN:
0211-4364
Year:
2010
N°:
88
Págs:
115 - 129
Magazine:
EDUCATIONAL PARTICIPATION
ISSN:
1886-5097
Year:
2010
N°:
15
Págs:
86 - 104
Authors:
Meso Ayerdi, Koldobika; Díaz-Noci, Javier; Lamondo Ureta, Ainara; et al.
Magazine:
MEDIATIKA. MEDIA NOTEBOOKS
ISSN:
1137-4462
Year:
2010
N°:
12
Págs:
301 - 319
This study analyses the Degree penetration of the Internet in the newsrooms of Basque and Navarrese newspapers with web editions and studies the extent to which the Internet is modifying the professional routines of journalists. For this purpose, the results obtained from a survey survey of both the managers and the journalists working in the electronic newsrooms of the aforementioned newspapers are available.
