Xi and Trump during the U.S. president's only visit to China, in 2017 [White House].

JOURNAL / Florentino Portero

[10-page document. download in PDF].

INTRODUCTION

The West admired Deng Xiaoping and understood that China, the millenary empire, was entering a new stage that would have to be carefully followed, for whatever path was finally chosen, the resulting China would determine the evolution of the planet as a whole.

The Central Empire had not known or wanted to understand the historical dimension of the First Industrial Revolution and thus entered an impasse with no other way out than international humiliation and the end of its political regime. Japan experienced similar circumstances, but was able to react. Thanks to the Meiji Revolution, it changed its strategy and tried to understand and adapt to the new circumstances. China would end up suffering the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and the imposition of humiliating conditions by the Western powers. Finally, the Empire was overthrown, giving way to a civil war that would be complicated by World War II and the Japanese attempt to impose itself as the power of reference letter in the Far East. In that complex process of decomposition and reconstruction of a deeply rooted political culture, China lost the opportunity to understand and join the Second Industrial Revolution.

The victory of the Chinese Communist Party in the civil war put an end to the process of decomposition and ushered in a new period in its history. Once again a strong power, in this case a totalitarian one, was imposed in Beijing, which rebuilt and endowed the state with great energy. The new rulers, with Mao Zedong at their head, tried to impose an alien culture, transforming many of the characteristic elements of the old Empire. It was a great attempt at social engineering, which led to a widespread loss of freedom and poverty, while corruption permeated the various layers of the party. China was back, endowed with a strong state and a cohesive leadership willing to assume great responsibilities. However, ideology won out over realism and China lost the Third Industrial Revolution, depriving its people of welfare and its Economics of a viable model of development .