1. In relation to the introduction of EEI What is the Frankenstein effect?
a) The similarity that many IAS demonstrate in their behavior in relation to the aggressive nature of the monster.
b) The impact caused by IAS that, like Frankenstein's body parts, join together to act on the environment.
c) The negative impact that exotic species, introduced for a well-intentioned cause, cause in the environment.
d) The effect caused by IAS on the environment, which is as disproportionate as Frankenstein's body.

→ Answer: the term "Frankenstein effect", coined by Moyle, Li and Barton in 1986, makes reference letter to the well-intentioned introduction of exotic species that eventually cause severe impact.

2. Introgressive hybridization is:
(a) A hybridization phenomenon between two taxa where the Genetics endowment of an alien species eventually replaces the Genetics endowment of the native species.
b) A hybridization phenomenon between two taxa where the endowment Genetics of an exotic species contaminates the genome of the native species as a virus causing its death.
c) A hybridization phenomenon between two taxa where the endowment Genetics of an alien species causes the introgression of the reproductive capabilities of the native species.
d) A hybridization phenomenon between two taxa of the same invasive alien species, which makes it much more efficient, invasive and dangerous for the native species.

→ Answer: In the case of IAS, introgression Genetics is the movement of genes from one species to another as a result of a process of interspecific hybridization followed by backcrossing leading to the disappearance of the Genetics variety of the native species in favor of the introduced species.

3. The tiger mosquito 'Aedes albopictus' is a great threat because:
(a) It transmits very aggressive diseases such as influenza, measles or oral plague.
b) It transmits very aggressive diseases such as chikungunya, zika, yellow fever or dengue.
c) It is not really a great threat, it is a species of little relevance.
d) It causes great discomfort among the population due to the loud buzzing of its wings.

→ Answer: The tiger mosquito is a transmitter of tropical diseases that pose a great threat to our health, such as chikungunya, zika, yellow fever or dengue.

4. According to a study by Diagne et al. published in 2021, what is the approximate economic cost of invasive alien species in 2017?
a) Slightly more than one hundred and sixty million dollars.
b) Slightly more than one hundred and sixty billion dollars.
c) Slightly more than one hundred and sixty thousand dollars.
d) Slightly more than one hundred and sixty billion dollars.

→ Answer: according to the referenced study (Diagne et al., 2021) the global cost of the impact caused by invasive alien species in 2017 is estimated at $162.7 billion.

5. What is the chameleon?
a) A species of tropical chameleon that is very aggressive with native species.
b) A species of aquatic plant native to South America.
c) A species of insect that devours endemic aphid species.
d) A tropical plant species that reaches great size, with a trunk of more than five meters.

→ Ans: Water hyacinth or water hyacinth 'Eichhornia crassipes' is an aquatic plant of the Pontederiaceae family native to South America. It is marketed as an ornamental species.

Why are freshwater aquatic ecosystems particularly vulnerable?
a) Because of their aquatic condition, which makes them a sensitive environment.
b) Because of their capacity to communicate different ecosystems, from the high mountains to the seas.
c) Because of their distribution, forming wide networks that communicate different places.
d) Because of its fragility, its high sensitivity to change and its condition as a recipient of terrestrial impacts.

→ Answer: The characteristics of freshwater aquatic ecosystems, their fragility and sensitivity to change, enhanced by their nature as a collector of terrestrial impacts -especially impacts caused by pollution- make them especially vulnerable.

7. The catfish is a fish that can reach a large size -somewhat less than 3 m-, a weight of almost 120 kg, which poses a threat to local biodiversity because of:
(a) Its predatory nature.
b) Its ability to colonize the territory.
c) Its ecological flexibility that allows it to survive in adverse conditions.
d) Its ability to transmit diseases.

→ Answer: The catfish is a predatory fish, which can cause severe impacts on native fish populations.

8. One of the parasites that has caused the most damage to biodiversity is the chytrid fungus, which has caused the extinction of many species of amphibians, but where did it originate from and who transmitted the parasite?
a) Originating in the United States, via the cane toad 'Rhinella marina'.
b) Originating in Japan, via the Japanese tree frog 'Hyla japonica'.
c) Originating in South Africa, through the African clawed frog 'Xenopus laevis'.
d) Native to Australia, via the cane toad 'Rhinella marina'.

→ Ans: The chytrid fungus is native to South Africa, it appears to be a fungus peculiar to the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis.

9. According to a study by Diagne et al. published in 2021, which species group has caused the greatest economic impact?
a) Rats and mice, because of the enormous impact they have on crops.
b) Cats and dogs, which have caused the extinction of many species.
c) Mosquitoes of the 'Aedes' genus, as transmitters of diseases.
d) Argentine or Kramer's parrots, because of their impact on urban areas.

→ Answer: mosquitoes of the genus Aedes produce the greatest economic impact, due to the cost of treatment of the tropical diseases they transmit.

10. The Florida tortoise is a threat in the Iberian Peninsula because:
a) It competes with native species of freshwater turtles.
b) It is too cute an animal to keep in the house.
c) It is a great predator of waterfowl eggs.
d) There is no clear answer to this question.

→ Answer: the Florida pond turtle competes with the endemic species of turtles in the Iberian Peninsula, the European pond turtle and the leprosy pond turtle.