The Hospital and the Temple in the Crown of Aragon and the Kingdom of Navarre (12th-13th century)
European institutions as a driving force for the transformation of social networks and religiosity
project COMPLETED (2021-2024)
It deals with the study of the social network and the spiritual projection that arose and developed around the main military orders, Templars and Hospitallers, in the Kingdom of Navarre and the Crown of Aragon in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, within a comparative western space.
Their significant reception and place among the nobiliary societies and in the circles of power, as well as in other less documented social levels, in a context of renewed continental changes, allows us to introduce the analysis of the sociology of the groups and individuals close and subject to these organizations, as well as the spiritual aspirations of those who approached them, of those incorporated into their circles of dependence and even of other social groups under their subjection.
The specific characteristics of these organizations, their overseas connections, their international or European character, as well as the ecclesiological and religious reform enabled the conditions and the framework for the extraordinary reception they experienced, especially in the 12th century. The Temple and the Hospital contributed to the reorganization of certain social groups, initially affected by the dynamism and alterations of the moment and weaving "earthly and eternal solidarities"; although alternatively the institutions strengthened their nuclear condition in the domination of some of these classes or social segments. According to these approaches, the body of project will focus on issues of special incidence within the renewal of models and forms of social and religious articulation.
- Identify, define and characterise the holders and the circles of relationship of the noble lineages linked and related to the orders, specifying their role, place and Degree of social insertion: promoters, protectors, donated, members, confraternities, etc., the goods ceded and the guarantees received. Study of these new social networks.
- To analyse and compare the documentary and institutional formulas of personal, family and collective ties to the Temple and the Hospital, explaining the similarities, evolutions and variants between them according to chronology and spheres.
- To study the social relationship mechanisms of the members of the two orders and the specificity of the associations that have emerged since their establishment.
- Analyse the forms of association of these groups: confraternities, women's branch.
- To establish the chronology of the changes in the areas studied and to single out the differences in the different historical spaces (Aragon, Navarre, with some comparisons with regard to Castile and Portugal). To establish the evolutionary phases and their defining features in this territorialisation.
- Assess the impact of social articulation on economic developments.
- To analyse the formulas of association and interaction between the different social groups of the peasantry and the different orders.
- To study the religious expectations of those associated with the orders, analysing the forms and content of their spirituality and the responses of the institutions.
Articles
- Julia Pavón Benito, Communicating the Crusading Activity of the Kings of Navarre in the 14th and 15th CenturiesSpecial Issue "The Crusades from a Historical Perspective: Communications, Culture, and Religion". https://www.mdpi.com/search?
- Paula Pinto Costa and Joana Lencart, Crusade: The Arising of a Concept Based on Portuguese Written Records of Three Military Campaigns (1147-1217), Religions 2023, 14(2), 244; https://doi.org/10.3390/
- Judith Bronstein, "Food in the Frankish Levant: a Case Study of Cultural Borrowing," Medieval Encounters 29 (2023): 258-284.
Book chapters
- Julia Pavón Benito and María Bonet Donato, "Religiosidad de los laicos en torno a la orden del Hospital en la Corona de Aragón y Navarra (1130-1230)", in Torres Jiménez, Raquel; Molero García, Jesus (eds.), Órdenes militares y religiosidad (c. 1150-1550). Ideology, report and material culture, Marcial Pons Historia, 2023, pp. 279-305. ISBN: 978-84-18752-80-3
- María Bonet Donato and Julia Pavón Benito, "Las iglesias de templarios y hospitalarios en la Corona de Aragón y Navarra (siglo XII): presencias eclesiásticas y religiosas", La dimensión religiosa y el patrimonio cultural de las Órdenes Militares. Un mundo global desde el Medievo, de Occidente a Tierra Santa, Madrid, Dykinson (in press).
- Joana Lencart, "Santos mártires e guerreiros nas Ordens Militares portuguesas: peculiaridades devocionais (séculos XII-XVI)",[Milites Dei. The Military Orders: social fit and religious manifestations], XLVIII Semana Internacional de programs of study Medievales de Estella. Milites Dei. Las órdenes militares: Encaje social y manifestaciones religiosas, Pamplona, Gobierno de Navarra, 2023, pp. 347-361.
- Carlos Barquero Goñi, "Armamento de templarios y hospitalarios en la Península Ibérica (siglos XII-XV)", in José Manuel Rodríguez García (ed.), Hacia una arqueología del combate medieval, Madrid, Universidad Nacional de Education a Distancia (in press).
- Judith Bronstein, "El rol del refectorio y la comida en la religiosidad de los Templarios y los Hospitalarios¨, Órdenes militares y religiosidad (C. 1150-1550): Ideología, report y cultura material, eds. R. Torres Jiménez, J. Molero García, Madrid, Marcial Pons, 2023, pp.187-204.
- Costa, Paula Pinto Costa - As Ordens Militares na Época Românica. In PÉREZ GONZÁLEZ, José María (dir.), GONZÁLEZ, Jaime Nuño (coord. geral), Enciclopédia do Românico em Portugal, Portugal , vol. I. Aguilar de Campoo: Fundación Santa María la Real del Patrimonio Histórico, 2023, p. 61-74.
- Lencart, Joana, "Os forais Templários: esteios na fixação da fronteira do território português," in Circulations, wars, discourses and religiosities in the frontiers of Christendom (5th-15th centuries).), ed. by Dirceu Marchini Neto, Fabiano Fernandes and Renata Cristina de Sousa Nascimento, Ed. Fi, 2023, pp. 131-157. https://www.
Team meetings
- First meeting of the team (Pamplona, Spain, 10/21-22/2021)
- Second meeting of the team (Estella, Spain, 07/22/2022)
- Third meeting of the team (Pamplona, Spain, 13-14/06/2023).
Communications and presentations at congresses and courses:
- Participation in the 'colloquium International Military Orders and religiosity in the medieval West and the Latin East (XII-1/2 XVI centuries). Ideology, report and material culture' organized by the School of Letters of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha. The Communication: "Religiosidad laica en torno al Hospital. Crown of Aragon and Navarre (1130- 1230)". (Ciudad Real, Spain, 14-15/04/2021).
- Participation in the online meeting Historiadores Portugueses: Percursos e Discursos of CITEM - Centro de Investigação Transdisciplinar. Cultura, Espaço e Mémoria. Paula Pinto Costa, "Os cartórios medievais das Ordens Religioso-Militares através dos inventários documentais elaborados aquando do processo desamortização em torno de 1834" (Oporto, Portugal, 21/01/2022).
- Participation in the Taller d'Investigació en Estudis Medievals (TIEM), Departament d'Historia Medieval y Ciències i Tècniques Historiogràfiques de la Universitat de València. Miguel Ángel Arrondo Durán, "La research de las órdenes militares medievales: el caso del Hospital en Navarra entre 1435 y 1487", (Valencia, Spain, 23/02/2022).
- lecture guest at the Ajuntament d'Ulldecona for the 800 Aniversari de la Carta Pobla d'Ulldecona. María Bonet Donato, El castell I la vila d'Ulldecona medieval. Seu de la comanda hospitalera", (Montblanc, Spain, 05/05/2022).
- Invited lectures in XXXIII Summer Course 'The Templars' of the UNED-Ponferrada. Maria Bonet Donato with "The Templars in the Crown of Aragon and Navarre. Power relations, social networks and institutional organization" and Paula Pinto Costa with "Trajectories of the Order of the Temple and the Templars in Portugal. From diversity to cohesion" (Ponferrada, Spain, 27/06/2022).
- Participation in the 'Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East-Conference Crusading Encounters-10th International Conference' of the Egham-University of London. María Bonet Donato and Julia Pavón Benito offered "Hospitallers in a multiethnic society. Northeastern Spain (XII-XIV centuries)" and Judith Bronstein, "The Hospitallers' food production: a case study of cross-cultural contacts in the Latin East". Joana Lencart delivered "Crusade versus Reconquest in Portugal: the terminology used in reconquest narratives and through the royal and papal appropriation of the territory" (London, UK, 27/06-1/07/2022).
- Organization and participation in the XLVIII International Week of Medieval programs of study of Estella. Milites Dei. The military orders: Social fit and religious manifestations (Estella, Spain, 19-22/07/2022).
- lecture invited at the Ajuntament de Montblanc by María Bonet Donato, "Cavaller, cavalleria i Guerra medieval. Mite I realitat", (Montblanc, Spain, 25/08/2022).
- Participation in the X congress General History of Navarre "Civil conflicts in the History of Navarre: echoes of 1521-1522" of the Society of programs of study Historical Society of Navarre. Coordination of the thematic table 5 the thematic table 5. The written and visual report . Julia Pavón Benito and María Bonet Donato presented "Huella memorística de los conflictos de la orden del Temple en Navarra. The case of Ribaforada (1192-1257)". Miguel Ángel Arrondo Durán gave "report of the conflicts of the Hospitallers of Navarre in the records of the Master and Convent of Rhodes (1436-1487)", (Pamplona, Spain, 7-9/09/2022).
- lecture invited at the Casino of Amposta by María Bonet Donato, ""La Castellanía de Amposta de l'orde de l'Hospital de Sant Joan (segles XII-XV)", (Amposta, Spain, 01/11/2022).
- Participation in the International colloquium 'The religious dimension and the cultural heritage of the Military Orders. A global world from the Middle Ages, from the West to the Holy Land' organized by the School of Letters of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha. The invited discussion paper : "Las iglesias de templarios y hospitalarios en la Corona de Aragón y Navarra (siglo XII): presencias eclesiásticas y religiosas", (Ciudad Real, Spain, 3-4/11/2022) was presented.
- Inaugural lecture "Reconquista e crociata nella penisola iberica. Una discussione storiografica" by Julia Pavón at the Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia of the Sapienza Università di Roma, (Rome, Italy, 28/02/2023).
- Participation in the online meeting "Arquivos Templários e Hospitalários na Península Ibérica na época medieval: as distintas realidades" of CITEM - Centro de Investigação Transdisciplinar. Julia Pavón Benito, "Characteristics and methodological problems of the documentation of a Hispanic priory: the case of Navarra". María Bonet Donato, "The cartularies of the Temple in the Crown of Aragon". Paula Pinto Costa, "A memória arquivística da Ordem de S. João de Jerusalém, em Portugal". Joana Lencart, "Os Arquivos Templários em Portugal: é possível a sua reconstituição?" (Oporto, Portugal, 14/04/2023).
- lecture invited to the course "La historia medieval de Navarra a través de sus mujeres" of UNED-Pamplona. Julia Pavón Benito, "Mulieres religiosae. Female spiritual landscapes in medieval Navarre" (Pamplona, Spain, 18/04/2023).
- Participation in the conference of doctoral students of the doctoral program in History and History of Art and Territory of the UNED-Madrid. Carlos Fernando López Gómez: "La influencia social de la casa del Temple de Zaragoza antes de ser encomienda", (Madrid, Spain, 4/05/2023).
Team
Julia Pavón
Main researcher
CVN
Partners
Carlos F. López (UNED Calatayud)
Carlos Barquero (UNED Madrid)
María Bonet (Rovira i Virgili University)
Judith Bronstein (University of Haifa)
Javier Ilundáin (UNED Pamplona)
Joana Lencart (University of Porto)
Paula Pinto Costa (University of Porto)
Miguel Ángel Arrondo (researcher independent)
project PID2020-117519GB-I00 funded by MCIN/ AEI /10.13039/501100011033
