04/09/24
Published in
El Diario Montañés
Gerardo Castillo Ceballos
School of Education and Psychology of the University of Navarra
The more united, supportive and cohesive a society is, the more harmonious the coexistence of its members will be.
Relativism is a philosophical current and a moral attitude that affirms that all points of view are equally valid, therefore, all truth is relative to each individual. It denies the existence of absolute truths, whether in the realm of knowledge, morality or metaphysics. In the 5th century B.C. Socrates and Plato posited fixed and absolute truths. In civil service examination to them, the sophist Protagoras affirmed that man is the measure of all things. This means that things are according to who and how he looks at them.
The famous verses of Ramón de Campoamor remain one of the best descriptions of subjectivism: "And in the treacherous world / there is no truth or lie: / everything is according to the color / of the glass through which one looks at it". The message is clear: nothing is worth in itself, no value is immutable, so that, inevitably, subjectivism, arbitrariness, and relativism reign in all facets of our lives. Despite having been widely rejected throughout history, relativism has found in contemporary thought an unexpected and surprising welcome.
Today's society is once again putting this relativism as a way of thinking, which elevates it to truth and imposes it, so that it falls into the "dictatorship of relativism", an expression coined by Ratzinger: "A dictatorship of relativism is being built up which does not recognize anything as definitive and which leaves only the self and its desires as the ultimate measure. The dictatorship of relativism is as if we were all myopic. Relativism attacks the truth and the possibility of knowing it. If truth does not exist, everything collapses. To know what is false is not to know, it is to not know".
Moral relativism, the belief in the subjectivity of ethical values that vary according to culture or individual, has deeply infiltrated the political and social Structures of our time.
Relativists boast of tolerance. The reality is that they do not allow anyone to question their relativistic dogma. To have personal convictions is considered intolerance. For the relativist, anything goes with the excuse of misunderstood respect and of freedom understood as libertinism, as doing what I feel like, or what I am interested in, or what I think is best for me in a selfish and immoral way.
Relativism is dogmatism, because it elevates one's own opinion to absolute truth. It even imposes itself on others by using laws that allow, for example, abortion and euthanasia and make it a right, thus falling into totalitarianism and ideological dictatorship. The truth is what things are, not what I think they are or what I want them to be, as ideologies claim.
Ethical relativism affirms that everything is licit as long as it seems good and pleases the person. This leads to permissiveness, departing from moral principles and values. Currently, there is a tendency to break the natural law with the fallacious pretension that each human being constructs his own nature, rejecting the one he has received. Natural law implies that there are objective and universal moral truths inscribed in the very fabric of man's nature.
In a consolidated democracy, ethical and moral principles should guide both individual and collective actions and decisions. However, moral relativism attacks this core by blurring the distinctions between what is ethically right and what is wrong.
Moral relativism is a growing threat to the desirable social cohesion: to the integration of citizens into their community. The improvement of social cohesion is not possible from social permissiveness: a society with excessive tolerance, without democratic values, behaviors and attitudes that favor partnership, cooperation, reciprocity and trust.
The more united, supportive and cohesive society is, the more harmonious coexistence among its members will be. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a solid ethical framework as guide for political action and public life, in order to defend democratic values and human rights.