Mª Cruz Díaz de Terán Velasco, Professor of Philosophy of Law and Coordinator of the course on programs of study of the Women's University
The other side of the story
In 1975 the United Nations (UN) celebrated International Women's Day for the first time on March 8. In Spain, this date also has a special significance, since in 1910 a Royal Order was approved by which women could access the teaching Superior on equal terms with men.
Since then, the issue of women in Spanish universities has increased rapidly: they represented 12.6% of students in 1940, rising to 54.8% in 2016. Their success rate is, moreover, higher than that of men: in the 2015-2016 academic year, 58.5% of graduates were women. But, when analyzing whether the majority presence of women in universities has its correlate in the exercise of professions, we see that the data are disparate. Thus, for example, in the field of law, the presence of women in the classrooms has had a steady increase, from 0.6% in the academic year 1927-1928, to 55.5% in the academic year 2015-2016. In the same year, practicing male lawyers occupied 55.86% of the census compared to 44.14% of practicing women lawyers.
However, in the latest report presented by the committee General de la Abogacía in 2017, of the 83 Bar Associations in Spain, only 12 had female deans (14.4%), high school of Pamplona being one of them. The position of women in law firms also brings data varied: according to a report published by Iberian Lawyers in 2017, although practically half of the staff are women and half are men, only one in six partners is a woman. The profession is feminizing at the bottom, but there is still a long way to go at the top. In other words, women arrive with effort and dedication, but remain at the bottom.
Together with the measures introduced by companies, both public and private, and those introduced by rules and regulations, I believe that an important step is to create new educational models that address the issue of the visibility of women's contribution from below. That is to say, that from the programs of study of Degree the challenge of educating in the idea of the need for the strategic representation of women is assumed. To this end, in the case of Degree in Law, it can be very enriching to explain how women jurists have contributed to making the legal system a more plenary session of the Executive Council and balanced system thanks to their contributions.
Some of the regulatory changes achieved thanks to the efforts -sometimes titanic- of women jurists attest to this. To cite a few examples: the principle of non-discrimination on the basis of sex, equal marriage rights and women's suffrage were included in the 1931 Constitution thanks to Clara Campoamor. Thanks to the reform promoted by Mercedes Formica, from 1958 women could be guardians and witnesses in wills and, thanks to the entrance of women in the General Codification Commission, Law 14/1975 of May 2, 1975 was approved, which replaced the duty of obedience that married women had towards their husbands with the duty of spouses to respect and protect each other.
I think that one of the challenges lies in the Education, since it is important that from the classroom we help to understand that the contribution of women to the professional field and to the spheres of government is essential to achieve a regulation and a internship that contemplates all perspectives. I am convinced that result will benefit society as a whole.