18/08/2022
Published in
Expansion
Julia Urabayen
Coordinator of Degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE)
In 1974, when Ursula K. Le Guin published The Dispossessed, the Berlin Wall was the symbol of the Cold War that divided the world in two. Perhaps that is why the first words of her story are: "There was a wall. [...] a line, an idea of a border. But the idea was real. Throughout the pages that narrate a story that takes place between two worlds, Anarres and Urras, K. Le Guin reflects on the nature of the border that makes the distinctive feature of human beings is foreignness and isolation. Through the main character, Shevek, the daughter of a writer and an anthropologist, she uses her imagination to delve into the human, not merely physical, meaning of such a wall.
The American author has won several important awards and received numerous recognitions for her extensive work that can be classified as fantastic literature. To this genre belongs the story that starts from that forceful statement about the wall, which, although it adopts different meanings, refers mainly to political ideologies and their effects on people. Faithful follower of the tradition initiated by Moro, in this book K. Le Guin makes a social critique of the existing using fiction. Since reality is complex, the story (apparently simple and linear) demands to be read in the light of the dialogues in which the multiple nuances of each wall-ideology are shown. In this way it becomes clear that The Dispossessed does not advocate that one of the worlds is perfect and the other imperfect. Both are full of limits, of walls, of frontiers.
This novel, which straddles utopia, dystopia and anti-utopia, presents a traveler who goes from one world to another. Anarres is an ideal place, which bears from its foundation the stamp of the feminine, since Odo was a woman and considered gender equality essential, as well as the rejection of property and hierarchies and the promotion of responsibility, solidarity and fraternity linked to the development of individual and collective freedom. However, the inhabitants of this planet have built walls that prevent human beings from being free and from communicating fully with their equals. In order to break down these boundaries, the protagonist, a physicist working on a general theory of time, decides to become the first descendant of the colonists who left Urras to travel to the planet.
The coexistence with the inhabitants of that world from which his ancestors departed puts the protagonist in front of other walls-ideologies. In the clashes against these new limits, his Odonian convictions (communitarian anarchists) are not only not shattered, but strengthened. In a place that relegates women to the background, that is based on inequalities and is organized around possession and the excessive desire to consume, Shevek reaffirms the need to share and collaborate freely with other human beings.
Precisely those are the convictions and the most outstanding qualities of the main female character: Takver. Although she is a figure that almost does not intervene in the plot, in a certain sense, she is the piece core topic. Tavker is the one who has truly brought to life the solidarity and fraternal ethics anchored in the respect for freedom and the bond with the community. This biologist understands the intimate relationship of the part and the whole, the union not only biological, but also social and staff, of human beings with nature and with other people. She has reflected on the values she has received and redefined them by integrating them into a knowledge-being that gives meaning to her existence and that of others. Hence, against those who take individualism to its most radical limits by denying the right to form a family, she maintains that "I need the bond. The real one. Body and mind and all the years of life".
Tavker is Shevek's partner and his equal. But she is more than that, she is the one who first stood beyond the wall because she always knew that no matter what happened, they would be united. She is the one who nurtured/strengthened/maintained the bond with her daughters and preserved the family unit. She is also the one who never reduced her dedication to the community nor renounced her social responsibilities. She did not experience as incompatible her roles as mother, companion, worker, member of a community. That is why she created the conditions for the present to be the link between the past and the future: she founded the home. A term that does not mean a private space, but a shared and human place, a new beginning, an "Anarres beyond Anarres". Tavker, unlike Penelope, does not wait weaving and unweaving. As a strong and committed woman, she creates a world of solidarity.